Prevalence of Presbyopia (Near Vision Fatigue) and Related Factors Among Working Adults Aged 30 to 55 Years in Shanghai

This observational study aims to determine how common presbyopia is among working adults aged 30-55 years in Shanghai, China, and identify factors associated with it. Presbyopia is an age-related loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects, which can make reading and other close-up activities difficult. Participants will undergo eye examinations and complete questionnaires about their vision, work activities, use of digital screens, lifestyle, and need for vision correction. The study aims to obtain valid primary outcome data from at least 1,366 participants. It will also assess how closely the results of the NVC mini-program agree with a professional eye examination. No treatment will be assigned as part of the study.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 30 to 55 years inclusive, based on date of birth on the national identification card * Either sex * Employed in the current position for at least one year * Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent * Able to complete the questionnaire and the ophthalmic examinations Exclusion Criteria: * Active ocular inflammation, significant ocular trauma, or other acute ocular condition within the past 3 months that precludes visual function testing * Previous intraocular surgery that substantially affects refractive status or visual function assessment, such as cataract surgery or refractive lens surgery * Obvious cognitive impairment, severe psychiatric disease, or other condition preventing cooperation with the survey and examinations * Markedly reduced best-corrected distance visual acuity with ocular disease sufficient to explain the near vision abnormality, including but not limited to adult amblyopia, significant corneal scarring, keratoconus, severe corneal dystrophy, significant lens opacity, and severe macular or optic nerve disease * Severe fundus or optic nerve disease, including macular degeneration, significant maculopathy, retinal detachment, optic atrophy or advanced glaucoma * Any other condition judged by the investigators to make participation unsuitable