Ring Fit Adventure for Functional Decline and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Falls and decline in physical function are common problems in community-dwelling older adults. Exercise programs may help improve balance, mobility, and physical function and may reduce fall risk. This study aims to evaluate the effects and feasibility of an 8-week Ring Fit Adventure-based exercise program in community-dwelling older adults with functional decline and risk of falls. Eligible participants will be assigned to experimental and control groups and followed for 24 weeks. The study will examine whether this exercise program can improve balance, physical function, and fall risk. Outcomes will be assessed at multiple time points, including before the intervention, after the intervention, and during follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria: * Older adults aged 65 or above; * Mild functional impairments, such as a Timed Up and Go (TUG) test time exceeding 12 seconds or at least one fall within the past year; * Able to walk independently (walking aids are not permitted, but canes may be used); * Visual and hearing sufficient to operate the game and follow instructions; * Fluent in Mandarin or Taiwanese with clear communication skills. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants with cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or neurological conditions; * Participants with severe cognitive impairments (e.g., MoCA score≤17) who have difficulty understanding training instructions; * Participants who have received formal balance or muscular strength physical treatment or engaged in motion-based gaming research within three months; * Participants with severe visual or hearing impairments.