Cognitive-Motor Training for Gait Adaptability in Parkinson Disease

Cognitive-motor training combines thinking tasks with physical movements, encouraging participants to choose appropriate actions and adjust their movements according to different task demands. Training that involves stopping or changing a movement may help people with Parkinson's disease respond to changing situations. These abilities may also support walking in challenging environments, such as stepping over obstacles. However, the effects of this type of training on cognitive function, walking performance, and brain activity remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of cognitive-motor co-dependent training with conventional exercise training on these outcomes in people with Parkinson's disease.

Inclusion Criteria: * A clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease * Stable use of prescribed antiparkinsonian medication for at least two weeks * Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage I to III * Age between 18 and 80 years * Ability to ambulate independently for at least 30 meters without assistive devices * A Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥ 24 * Corrected vision and hearing sufficient to effectively receive external stimuli Exclusion Criteria: * The presence of any neurological, musculoskeletal, or cardiovascular disorders that could affect participation in this study * The presence of psychiatric disorders that could interfere with the ability to follow instructions or comply with study procedures * A history of brain surgery, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS)