Leg and Foot Massage for Pain in Newborns Receiving Heel Stick

This study aims to evaluate the effect of a leg and foot massage program on pain in newborns receiving heel stick for monitoring serum bilirubin levels. Newborns will be assigned to either a leg and foot massage group or a control group. Pain will be assessed during the heel stick procedure using a neonatal pain assessment tool. The study will determine whether leg and foot massage can reduce pain associated with heel stick in newborns.

Inclusion Criteria: * Term newborns with a gestational age of 37-42 weeks and a birth weight of 2,500-4,000 grams, receiving their first heel stick for monitoring serum bilirubin levels. * Normal vital signs. * The parent provides consent for participation in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Newborns diagnosed with neurological disorders or congenital abnormalities that may affect pain perception, such as intracranial hemorrhage or seizures. * Abnormalities of the muscles, bones, or legs that prevent leg and foot massage.