Digital Health Literacy and Diabetes Management in Type 2 Diabetes

This study aims to examine the relationships between digital health literacy, diabetes distress, diabetes self-management, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The relationships between these variables will also be evaluated after controlling for relevant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of factors associated with diabetes management and inform future nursing education and counseling interventions.

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 years or older. * Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus by a physician at least 6 months prior to enrollment. * Able to read and write. * Able to communicate in Turkish and possess sufficient cognitive and communication abilities to understand and respond to the data collection instruments. * Have an HbA1c measurement obtained within the previous 3 months. * Willing to participate in the study voluntarily. Exclusion Criteria: * Having visual, hearing, cognitive, or communication impairments that prevent the participant from completing the data collection instruments. * Experiencing an acute diabetic complication during data collection or having a general health condition that prevents the participant from completing the data collection instruments.