The Impact of Long-term High-risk Drinking on the Effective Dose of Osselidin

this study aims to investigate the effect of chronic high-risk alcohol consumption on the effective dose of oliceridine combined with propofol for painless gastroscopy, so as to provide a reference for rational clinical medication.

Inclusion Criteria: * This study enrolled patients undergoing elective painless gastroscopy, aged 18-64 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I-II, and body mass index (BMI) of 18-27 kg/m². Exclusion Criteria: * Difficult airway (modified Mallampati grade IV); poorly controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg); hepatic or renal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, significant organ dysfunction, severe cardiovascular disease, or arrhythmia; history of long-term use of sedatives, antipsychotics or analgesics; signs of alcohol withdrawal or alcohol addiction (e.g., inability to reduce alcohol intake despite obvious harmful effects, or morning tremors relieved by alcoholic beverages); mental disorders that impede proper self-expression; allergy to study-related medications or acute-phase asthma medications; known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction; pregnancy or lactation, etc. Exclusion of cases: prolonged examination time due to difficult endoscopic manipulation; severe complications requiring emergency treatment such as hypoxemia and circulatory fluctuation, which violate the study protocol.