Comparative Effects of Coherent Breathing and Regular Paced Breathing on Dyspnea and Pulmonary Function in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory condition of airways characterized by recurrent episodes of coughing, respiratory muscle weakness, lung hyperinflation and air trapping which ultimately leads to dyspnea, impaired pulmonary function and reduced quality of life. Non- pharmacological approaches, particularly breathing retraining techniques, have gained recognition as complementary strategies for optimizing COPD management by improving overall functional status and exercise tolerance in the patients.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 40-75 years. * Both genders (male and females). * Diagnosed COPD mild to moderate stage according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification: Mild: FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted Moderate: FEV1 fall between 50-79% * Diagnosed with COPD for at least 6 months prior to enrollment in study * Resting SpO₂ ≥ 90% on room air Exclusion Criteria: * Severe and very severe stage of COPD according to GOLD classification * Patients having acute exacerbation of COPD with in the last 4 weeks * Hemodnamically unstable patients * Current smokers (active smoking or individuals using any tobacco product within the 6 months) * Other sgnificant respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, bronchiectasis, ILD, active tuberculosis) * Patients unable to follow commands/instructions * Patients currently participating in any other structured pulmonary rehabilitation or breathing intervention program