Pain Neuroscience Education and Neuromuscular Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain and Central Sensitization

The goal of this randomized controlled study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education (PNE) combined with neuromuscular exercises (NME) in individuals with chronic low back pain and central sensitization, and to compare the effects of this combined intervention with NME alone. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does PNE combined with NME (PNE+NME) affect pain and functional outcomes in individuals with chronic low back pain and central sensitization? * Does NME alone affect pain and functional outcomes in individuals with chronic low back pain and central sensitization? * Does adding PNE to NME affect pain and functional outcomes compared with NME alone? Researchers will evaluate changes in pain and functional outcomes from baseline to post-intervention in both the PNE+NME and NME groups. Changes in outcomes will then be compared between the two groups to determine whether adding PNE to NME affects pain and functional outcomes compared with NME alone. Participants will: * Be randomly assigned to either the PNE+NME group or the NME group. * Participate in the assigned intervention for 8 weeks, with 2 sessions per week. * Complete outcome assessments at baseline and after the 8-week intervention.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-60 years * Low back pain lasting for at least 3 months * Low back pain as the primary complaint * Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) score ≥28 * Ability to read and write in Turkish * Willingness to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: * History of spinal surgery * Presence of serious comorbidities (neurological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, psychiatric conditions) * Presence of tumoral conditions * Presence of vestibular system disorders * Pregnancy * Having received physiotherapy within the previous 6 months