Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of the Effects of Exercise Combined With Kinesiology Taping on Local Hemodynamic Parameters

This study aims to evaluate the effects of exercise combined with kinesiology taping on local hemodynamic parameters in healthy university students. Doppler ultrasound will be used to assess local blood flow and hemodynamic responses associated with the intervention. Participants will perform the exercise protocol with kinesiology taping, and hemodynamic parameters will be assessed to determine whether the combined intervention produces changes in local circulation. The study is designed to provide a better understanding of the acute circulatory responses to exercise combined with kinesiology taping.

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy adults aged 20-30 years. * Able to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * History of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, heart disease, or peripheral vascular disease. * History of diabetes mellitus or other metabolic diseases that may affect vascular function. * History of lower-extremity surgery or fracture. * Acute lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury within the previous 6 months. * Skin allergy or hypersensitivity to kinesiology tape. * Current use of medications that may affect blood circulation or vascular function. * Regular smoking. * Pregnancy.