Multi-Component Training Versus Motor Learning Techniques in Adults With ADHD

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effects of multi-component training and motor learning techniques on attention, cognitive performance, and motor coordination in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD in adults is associated with impairments in executive function, attention regulation, and motor coordination, which significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life. While pharmacological and behavioral therapies are commonly used, non-pharmacological interventions such as structured exercise and motor learning approaches have shown potential benefits. A total of 44 participants aged 18-30 years with clinically diagnosed ADHD will be recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will receive multi-component training including aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility exercises, while Group B will receive motor learning techniques focusing on task-oriented and cognitive-motor dual-task training. Both interventions will be administered three times per week for eight weeks. Outcome measures will include standardized tools assessing attention, executive function, and cognitive performance, including ADHD rating scales and cognitive assessments. Data will be analyzed pre- and post-intervention to determine within-group and between-group differences. This study aims to identify effective, non-pharmacological rehabilitation strategies for improving cognitive and motor outcomes in adults with ADHD.

Inclusion Criteria: * Male and female adults aged 18 to 30 years. * Clinically diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. * Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale score indicating ADHD symptoms. * Montreal Cognitive Assessment score less than 26 out of 30. * Medically stable and able to participate in moderate physical activity. * Not currently participating in any other structured cognitive or physical intervention program. * Able to attend supervised sessions three times per week for 8 weeks. * Willing to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * History of systemic or neurological disorders. * Currently undergoing treatment for ADHD or participating in similar interventions. * Physical limitations preventing participation in physical activity. * Severe psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. * Uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions or medical contraindications to moderate physical activity. * Taking medications that significantly alter cognitive or motor performance unless stabilized for at least 3 months. * History of substance abuse within the past 12 months.