Timing of Success Evaluation After Flapless Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease around dental implants that causes progressive loss of the bone supporting the implant. Current clinical guidelines recommend treating it first with a non-surgical approach and then checking treatment success, usually between 6 and 12 weeks later. However, it is not known whether this is the best time to check the results, since no previous studies have compared different follow-up time points. This study will follow patients with peri-implantitis who receive the same non-surgical, flapless treatment. Their implants will be checked at five different times after treatment (6 and 12 weeks, and 6, 9, and 12 months) to see how the clinical outcome changes over time. The main goal is to find out how treatment success evolves at these different time points, and whether the results seen early (at 6 weeks) match the final results seen at 12 months

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged 18 years or older. * General health status compatible with dental treatment (ASA I-II). * Ability to understand the study, sign the informed consent form, and comply with the follow-up protocol. * Presence of one or more dental implants in function for at least 12 months, placed at any center, regardless of connection type or the presence of platform switching. * Screw-retained implant-supported prostheses (single-unit, partial, or complete). * Presence of at least one implant diagnosed with peri-implantitis, according to the criteria of the 2017 Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Exclusion Criteria: * Refusal to participate in the study or inability to provide informed consent. * Non-acceptance of the proposed treatment. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Treatment with drugs or presence of diseases that may alter the healing of peri-implant tissues or interfere with the response to treatment (e.g., immunosuppressants, systemic corticosteroids at immunosuppressive doses, or treatment with antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents). * Implants restored with cemented prostheses. * Implants with mobility or with radiographic bone loss exceeding 50%. * Surgical or non-surgical peri-implant treatment of the affected implant within the previous 12 months. * Systemic antibiotic treatment within the previous 3 months.