The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Balance in Older Adults With Low Back Pain

This research aims to investigate the effect of a core stabilization exercise programme, combined with usual physiotherapy care, on balance in older adults, aged over 65 years with chronic non-specific low back pain. Participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group, receiving the core stabilization exercise programme additional to usual physiotherapy care, or a control group receiving usual physiotherapy care, combined with a general mobility and strengthening exercise programme. Participants will be assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks (3 months), and at a 6-month follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria: 65 years old or older. They have to be diagnosed with chronic non-specific low back pain lasting for at least 3 months. Low back pain intensity greater than 3/10 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Functional independence. They have to be able to walk independently without assistive devices. Adequate cognitive function and ability to understand and follow instructions. Ability and willingness to provide written consent. Exclusion Criteria: Severe spinal disorders, including spinal stenosis with neurological deficits, recent vertebral fracture or spondylolisthesis. Spinal surgery within the last 12 months. Acute low back pain, lasting less than 6 weeks. Neurological disorders affecting balance or postural control, including Parkinson's disease or stroke. Vestibular disorders that may significantly affect balance. Severe visual impairment or diagnosed cognitive impairment. Malignancy. Musculoskeletal or cardiopulmonary conditions at a level that affects and contraindicates exercise. If they use regurarly hig-dose analgesic medication, specifically for the management of the symptoms of low back pain.