Kinesiophobia, Postoperative Pain, and Early Mobilization After Elective Abdominal Surgery

This study examines the level of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery and its relationship with postoperative pain severity and early mobilization. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, adult patients who have undergone elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia at two centers (Agri Training and Research Hospital and Taksim Training and Research Hospital) will be assessed after completing their first postoperative mobilization (typically postoperative day 1). Kinesiophobia will be measured with the Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), postoperative pain with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and early mobilization with a researcher-developed Early Mobilization Record Form (time to first ambulation, standing duration, and first walking distance/duration). The investigators hypothesize that patients' kinesiophobia levels will be positively associated with postoperative pain severity and with delayed/reduced early mobilization, and that patients without prior surgical experience will have higher kinesiophobia levels than those with prior surgical experience.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * Having undergone elective (planned) abdominal surgery * Having had surgery under general anesthesia * ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status class I-II * Having completed first mobilization on postoperative day 1 * Able to communicate in Turkish and understand written/verbal directions * Conscious and oriented * Willing to voluntarily participate and provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * A known pre-existing walking/movement disorder, balance problem, or orthopedic-neurological disease history * Having undergone emergency surgery * Being followed in an intensive care unit * Having a significant cognitive impairment or communication difficulty that prevents responding to data collection tools * Having a visual or hearing impairment that prevents completing the forms/scales * Being in a state of heavy postoperative sedation or delirium * Having previously been enrolled in the same study * Refusing to participate