The Effect of Light Therapy on Cellular Energy and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Adults and Type 1 Diabetic Patients

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy on cellular energy and oxidative stress in healthy adults and patients with Type 1 diabetes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does light therapy change adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and cytochrome c oxidase activity in blood cells? How does the intervention affect oxidative stress markers, specifically glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations? Researchers will compare blood samples collected before the light therapy to those collected afterward to see if the intervention alters mitochondrial function. Researchers will also compare the responses of healthy volunteers to those of diabetic patients. Participants will: Provide a baseline blood sample. Receive red and near-infrared light exposure (660 nm and 850 nm) on their arms for 10 to 20 minutes using a therapy pad. Provide a final blood sample immediately after the light exposure.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 12 to 40 years. * Confirmed diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus based on American Diabetes Association criteria (patient group). * Insulin dependence (patient group). * Low serum C-peptide levels (patient group). * Fasting plasma glucose concentration \