Evaluation of the Effects of Orthognathic Surgeries on the Temporomandibular Joint Using a Mandibular Movement Analyzer Device

Condylar position and mandibular motion assessment with digital facebows Arcus Digma III before and after orthognathic surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older (skeletally mature patients) * Severe dentofacial deformity requiring combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment * Presurgical orthodontic preparation completed or scheduled for orthognathic surgery * Signed written informed consent prior to study enrollment * Ability and willingness to attend all scheduled preoperative and postoperative follow-up visits Exclusion Criteria: * History of previous orthognathic or major craniofacial surgical interventions * Congenital craniofacial anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, or genetic syndromes affecting the musculoskeletal or facial skeleton * Pre-existing severe degenerative temporomandibular joint disease (e.g., advanced osteoarthritis, idiopathic condylar resorption, or ankylosis) * Systemic rheumatologic, autoimmune, or connective tissue disorders affecting bone and joint metabolism * Active neurological or neuromuscular disorders affecting jaw movement or motor control * Current use of medications significantly altering bone metabolism or neuromuscular function * Pregnancy or lactation at the time of enrollment * Severe unmanaged bruxism or acute trauma to the maxillofacial region within the past 12 months