FOUR Score-Modified Trauma Scores for Mortality Prediction

The goal of this multicenter prospective observational cohort study is to develop and validate FOUR Score-modified trauma scoring systems for mortality prediction in adult trauma patients. The main question it aims to answer is (1) do FOUR Score-modified versions of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), New Trauma Score (NTS), and Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure (GAP) Score improve mortality prediction compared with their corresponding original scores? Researchers will compare the original scoring systems with their corresponding FOUR Score-modified versions to assess differences in discrimination and overall predictive performance. Participants will undergo routine clinical assessment, including assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale and Full Outline of UnResponsiveness Score, and relevant demographic, physiological, and injury-related data will be prospectively recorded; no experimental intervention will be administered.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with sufficient clinical data to calculate the fREMS score, including the FOUR Score and other required physiological variables. * Patients with a documented mortality outcome . Exclusion Criteria: * Patients transferred from another hospital after initial resuscitation. * Patients who died before the required initial clinical assessment