Effectiveness of UrDiaCare

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if UrDiaCare, an Urdu-language diabetes support tool, can help adults with type 2 diabetes manage their Diabetes and improve blood sugar levels. The study will include adults aged 30 to 70 years with type 2 diabetes and higher-than-recommended blood sugar levels. The main question is whether UrDiaCare can lower HbA1c, a blood test that shows average blood sugar levels over the past few months, after four months. Researchers will compare UrDiaCare plus standard diabetes care with standard diabetes care plus a single Urdu educational pamphlet. UrDiaCare provides diabetes self-management education and support through WhatsApp/Android. It uses a fixed, health-professional-reviewed information library and does not provide diagnosis or prescribe treatment.

Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged 30-70 years with T2DM confirmed ≥ 6 months (clinical record) and HbA1c ≥ 7.5% at screening * Currently prescribed oral antidiabetic medication(s) for ≥ 3 months * Personal ownership and regular daily use of a functioning smartphone (Android/iOS) * Able to read and understand Urdu * Available for the full 4-month study period and willing to provide written informed consent - Exclusion Criteria: Type 1, gestational, or secondary diabetes (e.g., steroid-induced, MODY) * Current insulin therapy (to avoid confounding from differing self-management complexity) * Severe, uncorrectable comorbidity likely to materially affect glycemic control or survival within 4 months (e.g., end-stage renal disease, active malignancy, liver failure) * Significant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder precluding informed consent or technology use * Participation in another diabetes clinical trial within the preceding 3 months * Insufficient Urdu reading proficiency, as the UrDiaCare interface is Urdu-script based