Locally Delivered Melatonin Gel in Management of Stage II Grade B Periodontitis

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, driven by an imbalance between bacterial pathogens and the host immune response. This inflammatory process leads to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and tissue damage. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator that scavenges free radicals and reduces inflammation. Previous research indicates that salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) melatonin levels are significantly reduced in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy individuals, suggesting its potential utility as a biomarker for periodontal health. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of 2% melatonin gel administered locally into periodontal pockets as an adjunct to subgingival instrumentation in patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis.

Inclusion Criteria: * Systemically healthy patients diagnosed with Stage II Grade B Periodontitis * Patients with good oral hygiene compliance Exclusion Criteria: * Smokers (due to the effect of smoking on melatonin levels and healing) * Pregnant or lactating females. * Patients who have received antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antioxidant supplements within the last 6 months. * Patients taking systemic melatonin for sleep disorders. * Patients who have undergone periodontal therapy in the last 6 months.