Evaluating an Innovative Tobacco Treatment Approach for Veterans in Substance Use Treatment

Veterans with substance use disorders smoke at extraordinarily high rates and have high rates of smoking-related death and disease. It is essential to provide tobacco treatment for Veterans with substance use disorders, but there are unfortunately low rates of smoking treatment engagement within the VA for those with substance use disorders. The goal of this project is to generate preliminary evidence for a smoking intervention program called "Concurrent Substance and Tobacco Outpatient Program" or Co-STOP. Co-STOP aims to increase tobacco treatment use and effectiveness for Veterans in outpatient substance use treatment. The investigators hypothesize that Co-STOP, relative to standard tobacco treatment, will increase tobacco treatment use and quit attempts. This research will help the VA develop effective strategies to promote smoking treatment use and abstinence in Veterans with substance use disorders who smoke, thereby improving rates of morbidity and mortality in Veterans with substance use disorders.

Inclusion Criteria: * Smoke at least one cigarette per day * Be engaged in VA outpatient substance use treatment for at least one month * Be medically eligible to use Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) * Not currently receiving smoking treatment * Not currently at high risk for suicide * Have an email address Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to give informed, voluntary consent to participate * Incarceration