Effect of Stress Ball Use During Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal After Coronary Angiography

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of stress ball use during femoral arterial sheath removal after coronary angiography on pain, anxiety, patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic parameters. A total of 34 patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. Participants in the intervention group will use a stress ball during femoral arterial sheath removal in addition to routine care, while participants in the control group will receive routine care only. Pain, anxiety, patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic parameters will be assessed before and at specified time points after femoral arterial sheath removal.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who underwent coronary angiography via the femoral artery and received stent implantation or balloon angioplasty * Aged 18 years or older * Willing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent * Conscious, oriented, and cooperative * Able to read and understand Turkish * No hearing or visual impairment that would interfere with participation * Clinically and hemodynamically stable * No diagnosed psychiatric disorder Exclusion Criteria: * Coronary angiography performed via the radial artery * Development of a complication during coronary angiography, such as arrhythmia * Administration of sedation during coronary angiography * Pregnancy * Prisoners or other vulnerable individuals