MB2 Canals in Pediatric Maxillary First Molars

This study examined how often an additional root canal, known as the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2), could be found in the upper first permanent molars of children aged 10-15 years. During root canal treatment, an endodontist followed a step-by-step approach using a standard clinical examination, magnifying loupes, a dental microscope, and, when clinically necessary, three-dimensional dental imaging. The study evaluated how much each step contributed to locating and confirming the canal.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pediatric patients aged 10-15 years requiring primary root canal treatment of a permanent maxillary first molar * A clinically and radiographically restorable study tooth * "Positive" or "definitely positive" behavior according to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale * No systemic condition contraindicating the planned endodontic treatment * No known hypersensitivity to the local anesthetics, irrigation solutions, or other materials used during treatment * Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian Exclusion Criteria: * Previous root canal treatment or endodontic intervention involving the study tooth * Presence of a vertical root fracture, root resorption, or pre-existing perforation in the study tooth