Anatomical Probability Model for Tibial and Peroneal Motor Entry Points

This completed descriptive cadaveric study mapped the motor entry points of lower-leg muscles supplied by the tibial, superficial peroneal, and deep peroneal nerves. Twenty fresh-frozen adult lower-limb specimens without prior trauma or surgery were examined. One extremity from each cadaver was selected by coin toss. Investigators performed standardized posterior, lateral, and anterior compartment dissections, followed each terminal motor branch to the point where it entered the target muscle, and measured its location relative to total leg length. For each muscle, motor entry point location was expressed as a proportion of leg length and summarized using the mean, standard deviation, and probability intervals corresponding to mean plus or minus one and two standard deviations. The study was designed to provide quantitative anatomical reference zones that may support surgical planning for hyperselective neurectomy and related lower-leg procedures.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult cadaveric specimen (age at death 18 years or older) * Fresh-frozen lower-limb specimen made available under institutional standards for cadaveric research * No prior trauma involving the selected lower limb * No prior surgical intervention involving the selected lower limb Exclusion Criteria: * Cadaveric specimen from an individual younger than 18 years at death * Prior trauma involving the lower limb * Prior surgical intervention involving the lower limb