Efficacy and Mechanism of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) for Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Targeted temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) may modulate the abnormal electrophysiological activity in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), thereby improving their obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Inclusion Criteria: * Were between 18 and 65 years old; * Were diagnosed with OCD by an experienced psychiatrist utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID); * Were able to participate in the entire trial and face-to-face on-site assessment Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or breastfeeding; * Suffered from organic brain diseases or severe physical illness; * Had a history of substance or alcohol abuse; * Presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder) or a high risk of suicide; * Have received electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, tDCS, tACS, or other neurostimulation treatments within the past 6 months; * Presence of contraindications to MRI or tTIS, such as severe head trauma, prior brain surgery, intracranial or cardiac metallic implants, etc.