Self-management Intervention for People With Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

This pilot randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a telephone-based self-management intervention for adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity refers to having two or more chronic cardiometabolic conditions, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease, or stroke. The intervention integrates motivational interviewing, self-affirmation, and problem-solving training to support participants in improving their motivation, confidence, and skills for chronic disease self-management and lifestyle behavior modification. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the usual care group. The intervention group will receive two biweekly telephone consultation sessions. The control group will receive usual care according to government guidelines. All participants will complete assessments at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.

Inclusion Criteria: * aged ≥18 years * having at least two chronic cardiometabolic diseases (i.e., hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease, or stroke) as confirmed by a doctor or the use of corresponding prescription medications/treatment * having mobile phones * mentally competent to understand the study. Exclusion Criteria: * current participation in similar projects or serious or life-threatening medical conditions (e.g., cancer, end-stage renal disease with dialysis, dementia) that would hinder study procedures.