Aerobic, Strength, Kegel (ASK) Exercise Intervention Perceptions for Postpartum Health

The goal of this pilot clinical trial is to learn whether a 12-week home-based exercise programme is feasible, acceptable, and safe for postpartum women in Hong Kong who had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The exercise programme is called the Aerobic, Strength, and Kegel exercise programme, or ASK programme. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Can postpartum women follow the ASK exercise programme at home? * Is the ASK exercise programme acceptable and safe? * Does the ASK exercise programme show early benefits for postpartum recovery and health? Researchers will compare women who receive the ASK exercise programme with women who receive standard postnatal care. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. They will complete study assessments at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks. Women in the ASK exercise programme group will complete three 60-minute exercise sessions per week for 12 weeks, supported by a mobile app and wearable device. Women in the standard postnatal care group will continue to receive usual postnatal care.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female Asian postpartum women aged 18 to 45 years * Singleton pregnancy * 6 to 8 weeks postpartum at the time of enrolment * Medically stable after childbirth * Physically able to participate in low-to-moderate intensity exercise training * Able and willing to participate in the 12-week study programme * Able to use the study app and wearable device, or willing to receive instruction on their use * Able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Multiple pregnancy * Severe postpartum medical complications or conditions contraindicating exercise participation * Severe cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, or major musculoskeletal conditions that may limit safe participation in exercise * Current use of medication likely to substantially affect cardiac function, including heart failure therapy * Antibiotic treatment within the preceding month * Severe mental illness or other condition affecting the ability to provide informed consent or comply with study procedures * Any medical, obstetric, or psychological condition judged by the research team or attending clinician to make participation unsafe or inappropriate * Inability or unwillingness to adhere to the 12-week ASK programme or study assessments