Internal Jugular Vein Collapsibility Index for Volume Status Assessment in Preeclampsia in Correlation With Normotensive Parturients : a Prospective Observational Cohort Study

This study aims to assess and analyze volume status in preeclamptic patients and compare these parameters with those of normotensive pregnant ones based on the change in internal jugular vein ultrasound-based indices.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Singleton parturients from 18 to 40 years old. 2. Either normotensive or preeclamptic parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section under neuro-axial block matched for gestational age 28-40 weeks will be included: 3. Normotensive group: uncomplicated normotensive pregnancy with systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure below 90mmHg without proteinuria. 4. Preeclamptic Group: new onset preeclamptic pregnant female with gestational hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy diagnosed based on ISSHP Guidelines: systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, accompanied by one or more of the following: * Proteinuria (≥300 mg in a 24-hour urine sample) * Alb/Cr ratio ≥30 mg/mmol, * Organ dysfunction (renal insufficiency (creatinine level\>1.1mg%), liver involvement (liver enzyme levels ≥3 times normal), neurological complications (Headache and blurring of vision) and hematological involvement (thrombocytopenia\40 and patients requiring emergency delivery.