Chemokine Receptors on CD8+ T Cells in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

This observational study investigates the expression profile of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules in CD8+ T lymphocytes from individuals with Bipolar Disorder compared with healthy controls. The study focuses on CCR5 and CXCR3, which are involved in CD8+ T-cell migration toward the central nervous system, as well as the adhesion-related molecules PSGL-1, VLA-4, and LFA-1. Participants with Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder will be drug-naive or drug-free for at least 6 months and will be compared with healthy controls. Differences in molecular expression will also be explored according to the current mood episode, including depressive and manic/hypomanic phases. Gene expression will be assessed by real-time PCR in purified CD8+ T lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood samples.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Participants with Bipolar Disorder: * Age 25 to 35 years. * Male or female; female participants must be in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. * Clinical presentation consistent with a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder or Bipolar II Disorder. * First diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder with no previous psychopharmacological treatment (drug-naive), or absence of psychopharmacological treatment for at least 6 months (drug-free). * Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent. 2. Healthy Controls Group: * Age 25 to 35 years. * Male or female; female participants must be in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. * No current treatment with psychotropic medications. * No clinical or symptomatic evidence supporting a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder or Bipolar II Disorder. * Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score \