AI Assisted Preoperative Assessment for ASA Classification and ICU Admission

This prospective observational study evaluates the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models in preoperative anesthesia assessment. Preoperative clinical data from adult patients undergoing elective surgery are independently evaluated by clinicians and AI models (ChatGPT and Gemini). The study compares their assessments of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification and the predicted need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission within the first 24 hours after surgery. Actual postoperative ICU admission is used as the clinical outcome for evaluating predictive performance. No treatment or clinical decision is determined by the AI models, and patient management is performed according to routine clinical practice.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * Scheduled for elective surgery * Evaluated in the preoperative anesthesia clinic * Provision of informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy * Presence of an upper respiratory tract infection * Active herpes infection or active wound and/or lesion in the anesthesia-related area * Age under 18 years * Emergency surgery * Planned cardiovascular surgery * Incomplete clinical data