Psychoeducation-Supported Breathing and Relaxation for Earthquake Survivors

This randomized controlled study evaluated whether a structured program combining psychoeducation, breathing exercises, and relaxation techniques could reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms and improve sleep quality among adult earthquake survivors living in temporary accommodation in Malatya, Türkiye. A total of 90 participants were randomly assigned in equal numbers to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group attended six face-to-face group sessions delivered twice weekly over three weeks. The program included education about trauma and stress, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, coping strategies, sleep hygiene, cognitive restructuring, positive imagery, and guidance for continued practice. The control group received no structured intervention and continued its usual daily routine. Post-traumatic stress symptoms and sleep quality were assessed before and after the intervention using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Short Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The study compared changes in these outcomes between the intervention and control groups.

Inclusion Criteria: * Experienced the February 6, 2023 earthquakes * Aged 18 to 65 years * Able to read and understand Turkish * Provided written informed consent to participate Exclusion Criteria: * Incomplete or invalid questionnaires * Inability to attend the intervention sessions regularly * Self-reported history of a severe psychiatric diagnosis