Effectiveness of a Board Game Intervention on Cognitive and Functional Outcomes in Older Adults With Schizophrenia

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a scaffolding-based board game intervention on cognitive and functional outcomes in older adults with schizophrenia living in psychiatric nursing homes. Participants will be assigned by clusters to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a 12-week board game training program, while the control group will receive usual care. Cognitive and functional outcomes will be assessed before the intervention, immediately after the 12-week intervention, and three months after the intervention. The study will examine whether the board game intervention can improve cognitive and daily functioning in older adults with schizophrenia.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 55 years or older. 2. Diagnosed with schizophrenia by a board-certified psychiatrist. 3. Has completed at least elementary school education. 4. Has basic verbal communication ability and is able to understand and cooperate with study assessments and activities. 5. Has sufficient vision and hearing, as assessed by care staff, to participate in board game instructions and activities. 6. Is willing to participate in the study and provides written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Has severe sensory impairment. 2. Has severe visual or hearing impairment that interferes with participation in the study activities. 3. Has experienced an acute exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms within the past 3 months. 4. Is currently receiving other cognitive training or participating in another research study.