Cardiac Cycle Efficiency and Postoperative Troponin

Knowing how intraoperative anesthesia management and cardiac cycle monitoring affect postoperative cardiac outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery can help develop a protocol for future cases. Whether cardiac damage following non-cardiac surgery can be prevented and the necessary precautions are not yet clear, and the most important finding when it occurs is elevated troponin levels. This can occur even without ECG changes or chest pain. Prevention could contribute to a reduction in postoperative morbidity and mortality, and a shorter hospital stay. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the duration of cardiac cycle efficiency remaining below zero and increased troponin levels.

Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥65 years, or age ≥45 years with at least one predefined comorbidity. Scheduled to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. Presence of at least one of the following comorbidities in patients aged ≥45 years: * Diabetes mellitus * Hypertension * Coronary artery disease * Congestive heart failure * Moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease * Peripheral arterial disease * Moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension * Previous cerebrovascular accident occurring \>1 month before surgery * Previous pulmonary embolism occurring \>1 month before surgery * Provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Atrial fibrillation on the day of surgery. * Sepsis on the day of surgery. * Pulmonary embolism on the day of surgery. * Pulmonary embolism within the preceding 1 month. * Acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 1 month. * Cerebrovascular accident within the preceding 1 month. * Preoperative hsTnT \>65 ng/L. * Glomerular filtration rate \