Using 360-Degree Interactive Video for Bleeding First Aid in Nursing Education: Effects on Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Learning Experience

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a 360-degree interactive virtual reality (VR) video simulation works to improve first aid knowledge, knowledge retention, and self-efficacy in stopping severe bleeding among first-year undergraduate nursing students. The main questions the study aims to answer are: * Does experiencing the interactive VR video simulation increase students' knowledge of bleeding first aid? * Does the VR video simulation increase students' long-term retention of first aid knowledge? * Does the VR video simulation improve students' self-efficacy in bleeding first aid? Researchers compared four groups using a Solomon four-group design to evaluate the effectiveness of the VR simulation, while also testing whether taking a pre-test affected the final outcomes. Participants: * Completed an introductory survey and possibly a baseline test measuring first aid knowledge and self-efficacy. * Attended a 1-hour standard classroom lecture about first aid for bleeding. * (Intervention groups only) Completed a 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which required answering 7 clinical decision-making questions. * Completed follow-up tests 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the training to measure their bleeding first aid knowledge and self-efficacy.

Inclusion Criteria: * Being a volunteer participant * Being a first-year nursing student enrolled at Ege University Faculty of Nursing during the 2021-2022 academic year. * Having successfully completed the "First Aid Module" (First Aid Course) within the current curriculum Exclusion Criteria: * Having any pre-existing health or visual conditions that prevent the safe use of virtual reality (VR) equipment (such as active epilepsy, severe uncorrected visual impairment, or pre-existing psychiatric disorders). * Requesting to withdraw from the study or refusing to participate at any stage of the research