Effects of a 10-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Programme on Biochemical and Hormonal Responses in Elite Female Futsal Players

This study aims to investigate the biochemical, hormonal, and physiological adaptations to a 10-week periodized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programme in elite female futsal players. The study will examine changes in aerobic fitness, blood lactate kinetics, muscle damage biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and reproductive hormones throughout the intervention. In addition, the influence of menstrual cycle phases on these physiological responses will be evaluated to improve understanding of sex-specific training adaptations and recovery. The findings are expected to contribute to evidence-based, individualized training and recovery strategies for female futsal athletes.

Inclusion Criteria: Female futsal players aged 18-30 years. Regular menstrual cycles. Participants willing to complete all scheduled testing sessions across the study period. Participants able to safely participate in the prescribed physical-performance testing and training programme. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Irregular menstrual cycles or diagnosed menstrual disorders. Use of hormonal contraceptives or hormone therapy within the past 6 months. Current musculoskeletal injury or any medical condition affecting physical performance. Use of medications known to influence menstrual function, hormonal responses, or physical performance. Use of performance-enhancing drugs or medications known to influence hormonal or biochemical responses. History of endocrine, cardiovascular, or metabolic disorders. Failure to complete all scheduled testing sessions.