Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Deep Breathing Exercises in Patients With COPD

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing exercises on fatigue and sleep quality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 90 patients were assigned to three groups: a progressive muscle relaxation exercise group, a deep breathing exercise group, and a control group. Participants in the intervention groups were taught their assigned exercises individually and were instructed to practice them daily at home for 8 weeks. The control group received no study intervention during this period. Fatigue and sleep quality were assessed before the intervention and at the end of the 8-week study period.

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to GOLD criteria at least 6 months before enrollment. Able to communicate verbally. No severe hearing or visual impairment. No serious medical condition or serious complication related to COPD. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of a perceptual disorder or psychiatric condition that impairs communication. Presence of a serious complication related to COPD.