Complementary Music Therapy for Pain During Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of complementary music therapy in reducing pain among hemodialysis patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. Participants were assigned to either a music intervention group or a control group. The intervention group listened to self-selected music during the procedure, while the control group received routine care without music. Pain intensity and physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, were assessed to determine the effects of complementary music therapy during PTA.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients scheduled to undergo percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) under local anesthesia. 2. Adults aged 18 years or older who are willing to participate and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with impaired consciousness or inability to express their pain perception. 2. Patients requiring additional anesthesia or sedation during the procedure due to their clinical condition. 3. Patients with hearing impairment or who use hearing aids.