Cognitive Effects of Hesperidin in Overweight/Obese Older Adults

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was designed to test whether two doses of hesperidin (a natural flavonoid from citrus fruits) improve cognitive function in overweight and obese older adults. A total of 105 participants, aged 55-75 years with a BMI ≥24 kg/m² or elevated waist circumference, will be randomly assigned to one of three 10-week treatments: placebo, low-dose hesperidin (300 mg/day), or high-dose hesperidin (600 mg/day). The primary aim is to see if hesperidin supplementation enhances cognitive performance - specifically executive function, memory, and attention - and to explore any dose-response relationship. Secondary aims include examining changes in gut microbiota composition and related metabolites, as well as exploring potential mechanisms behind any observed effects. The findings are expected to provide scientific evidence on whether hesperidin could serve as a nutritional strategy to support cognitive health in this population.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 55-75 years * BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² or waist circumference ≥ 90 cm (men) / ≥ 85 cm (women) * Willing to participate and sign informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * MMSE score \< 20 * History of neurological diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, stroke, etc.) * Malignant tumors, severe liver/kidney/gastrointestinal diseases * Use of weight-loss drugs or antidepressants (except statins) within recent months * Strict vegetarians, binge eating disorder, heavy alcohol consumption * Participation in other intervention studies * Other conditions judged by investigators as unsuitable