Early Versus Late Intervention in Maxillofacial Trauma

Maxillofacial trauma represents a significant clinical challenge requiring timely surgical management. This prospective study aims to compare early versus delayed intervention in patients with maxillofacial trauma and evaluate the effects of treatment timing on functional, esthetic, and radiological outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 12 years and older. * Patients diagnosed with maxillofacial fractures requiring open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). * Patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma treated within the participating study centers. * Patients assigned to either the early intervention group (≤72 hours after injury) or the delayed intervention group (\>72 hours after injury). * Patients able to provide written informed consent or whose legally authorized representative provides consent when applicable. * Patients willing to comply with the scheduled follow-up visits. years and older. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients managed with conservative (non-surgical) treatment. * Patients with previous maxillofacial fractures affecting the study site. * Patients with incomplete baseline clinical data. * Patients with severe medical conditions precluding surgical treatment or follow-up. * Patients lost to follow-up before completion of the primary outcome assessment. * Patients who decline to participate or withdraw informed consent.