Radiological and Surgical Analysis of Frontal Recess Variations in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Introduction The frontal recess is a narrow and anatomically variable region that forms the frontal sinus drainage pathway. Variations in its anatomy, particularly those related to the agger nasi cell and other frontal recess cells, can impair frontal sinus drainage and contribute to the development of frontal sinus disease. High-resolution computed tomography and endoscopic evaluation are essential for identifying these variations and planning endoscopic sinus surgery. A thorough understanding of frontal recess anatomy is crucial for achieving adequate frontal sinus drainage, improving surgical outcomes, and minimizing complications due to the close proximity of the orbit and skull base. The Study aim to evaluate the anatomical variations of the frontal recess using radiological and surgical assessment and determine their significance in the management of frontal sinus disorders during endoscopic sinus surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age : (20 -60 years old ). * Sex: both males and females. * Patients were selected from the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Al-Azhar University Hospital in Assiut in a consecutive manner. * All patients were generally well and fit for surgery. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with massive inflammatory disease of specific in * infections (e.g., rhinoscleroma). * Malignancy. * Severe nasal trauma. * Foreign body. * Previous nasal surgery. * Atrophic diseases or systemic diseases and patients not fit for surgery.