Association of Coffee Consumption With Peri-Implant Status

A total of 123 participants (291 implants) applying to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University will be included in the study. Based on anamnesis, radiographic examination, and the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, the participants will be categorized into three groups: peri-implant health (n = 97 implants), peri-implant mucositis (n = 97 implants), and peri-implantitis (n = 97 implants). Information regarding participants' coffee consumption habits and their daily coffee intake will be collected. Clinical parameters to be measured will include plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. The frequency of coffee consumption will be evaluated as daily, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, once per month, twice per month, and once per year. The amount of coffee consumed at a single occasion (cup, glass, mug, etc.) will also be recorded. In caffeinated coffee consumption, the preference for weak, moderate, or strong coffee, as well as consumption with milk, condensed milk, sugar, honey, or sweeteners will be assessed. For Turkish coffee, the consumption pattern will be categorized as unsweetened, moderately sweetened, or sweetened.

Inclusion Criteria: * Being between 18 and 45 years of age. * Having one or more fixed prosthesis-supported dental implants, with at least one year and no more than five years having passed since the functional prosthetic loading of the dental implant(s). Exclusion Criteria: * Having smoked more than 100 cigarettes during their lifetime. * Being an active smoker. * Having uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. * Use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women. * Patients who received treatment for peri-implant disease after implant placement. * Presence of residual cement remnants. * Having malpositioned implants. * Receiving active periodontal treatment.