SV and IVC Collapsibility Index to Predict Postinduction Hypotension

Postinduction hypotension (PIH) is a frequent complication during general anesthesia. This study aims to compare the predictive effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy of stroke volume (SV) measured via left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI) versus the inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CI) using transthoracic echocardiography. The assessment will be conducted in adult patients with intestinal obstruction undergoing exploratory abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients with intestinal bowel obstruction undergoing exploratory abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. * Age 40 to 70 years old. * Body Mass Index (BMI) = 18 to 25 kg/m2. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade I or II. Exclusion Criteria: * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade \>= III. * Patients in whom the IVC cannot be visualized or patients with poor echogenicity. * Patients with hemodynamic instability. * Patients with vascular, respiratory, or cardiac diseases (e.g., cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, or bad exercise tolerance). * Pregnant patients. * Difficult airway or multiple intubatio