Blended Learning for Patient Safety Education in Nursing and Midwifery Students

Patient safety education is important for preparing nursing and midwifery students to recognize risks, prevent avoidable harm, and provide safe care. This study evaluated whether adding structured online learning activities to face-to-face patient safety education improved students' perceived patient safety competence and general self-efficacy. First-year nursing and midwifery students were assigned to either a blended learning group or a face-to-face education group. Both groups received the same patient safety content through four classroom sessions delivered over two weeks. The blended learning group also used online case scenarios, scientific articles, topic summaries, and other educational resources. Outcomes were assessed before the educational program, immediately after the program, and two weeks later. This completed educational intervention study was registered retrospectively following a journal editorial request.

Inclusion Criteria: * Enrollment as a first-year nursing or midwifery student at the participating university during the 2025-2026 academic year * No previous formal patient safety education * Access to a computer, tablet, or smartphone with internet access * Voluntary agreement to participate and provision of informed consent * Completion of the baseline assessment Exclusion Criteria: * Previous formal patient safety education * Lack of access to a computer, tablet, or smartphone with internet access * Declining to participate or provide informed consent * Failure to complete the baseline assessment * Withdrawal before group allocation