Embolization of Genicular Arteries for Treatment of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of genicular artery embolization in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis refractory to conservative treatment.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis corresponding to Kellgren-Lawrence grades I-III. Moderate to severe knee pain for at least 6 months. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score ≥5. 2. Failure of conservative treatment for at least 3 months including analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, lifestyle modification, or intra-articular injections. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV osteoarthritis. 2. Previous knee arthroplasty. 3. Inflammatory arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or gout. 4. Active local or systemic infection. 5. Severe peripheral arterial disease. 6. Coagulation disorders. 7. Renal insufficiency (raised renal chemistry). 8. Pregnancy. 9. Known allergy to iodinated contrast media. 10. Refuse to provide written informed consent