EMDR Group Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Migrants

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-IGTP-OTS) in migrants with posttraumatic stress symptoms attending an adult education center (CPIA Salerno) in Italy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do participants who receive the EMDR-IGTP-OTS intervention show greater reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms compared with participants assigned to a control condition? * Does the intervention lead to improvements in psychological distress and broader psychological functioning over time? * Is the EMDR-IGTP-OTS intervention feasible in an adult education setting, as indicated by treatment completion and adherence to the intervention protocol? Researchers will compare participants receiving the EMDR-IGTP-OTS group intervention with participants assigned to a control condition to determine whether the intervention is effective in reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms and psychological distress. Participants will: * Complete questionnaires assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms and psychological distress before the intervention, after the intervention, and at follow-up. * Participate in four structured group sessions of EMDR-IGTP-OTS delivered on consecutive days. * Be monitored for treatment completion and protocol adherence throughout the intervention period.

Inclusion Criteria: * Enrollment in courses at CPIA Salerno (adult education center). * Age ≥16 years. * Sufficient Italian or English language proficiency to complete study procedures. * Provision of informed consent. * Clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms, defined as an Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) score ≥24 or a Short PTSD Rating Interview (SPRINT) score ≥14 at baseline. Exclusion Criteria: * Current self-harm behavior or suicidal or homicidal ideation. * Substance abuse. * Psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, or organic mental disorders. * Lack of adequate structural or functional support. * Significant cognitive impairment affecting participation in study procedures.