Low-dose Propofol Plus High-dose Alfentanil in Rapid Sequence Induction

This study compares four different anesthesia induction regimens to see which one provides the most stable blood pressure and heart rate during rapid sequence intubation. A total of 172 patients undergoing elective surgery will receive one of four combinations of propofol and opioids (alfentanil or sufentanil). The main outcomes are hypotension (low blood pressure), inadequate blunting of the stress response to intubation, and intubating conditions. The study aims to determine whether a lower dose of propofol combined with a higher dose of alfentanil can improve hemodynamic stability without compromising the quality of tracheal intubation.

Inclusion Criteria: * ASA physical status I or II * Age 18 to 60 years * Body mass index (BMI) 18 to 30 kg/m² * Scheduled for elective surgery at Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University Exclusion Criteria: * Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cardiopulmonary dysfunction * Difficult airway * History of anesthetic drug allergy * Chronic sedative or analgesic use * Preoperative volume depletion * Overt painful stimuli