Intradialytic Versus Home-Based Exercise in Female Hemodialysis Patients

This randomized controlled trial compared intradialytic exercise with home-based exercise in married female patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Ninety participants were randomly assigned in equal numbers to an intradialytic exercise group, a home-based exercise group, or a control group. Both exercise programs continued for 12 weeks. The study evaluated whether exercise performed during dialysis or at home could improve quality of life, self-esteem, sexual function, and selected clinical and laboratory outcomes. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey, self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index. Laboratory assessments included calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, sodium, and potassium.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients older than 18 years. * Clinically stable. * Receiving regular maintenance hemodialysis three times per week for at least three months. * Able to perform mild- to moderate-intensity exercise. Exclusion Criteria: * Physical limitations preventing exercise. * Acute illness. * Unstable cardiovascular disease. * Severe orthopedic or neurological disorders. * Cognitive impairment affecting cooperation. * Dialysis instability. * Severe chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. * Significant anemia. * Retinal hemorrhage. * History of hyperthyroidism.