Clinical Predictors of Visual Outcome in Patients Affected With Ocular Surface Diseases

This retrospective-prospective study aims to identify the diagnostic parameters most predictive of BSCVA in patients with OSD. Clinical, structural, and biochemical data will be collected from standard-of-care examinations and patient-reported outcome questionnaires. The goal is to determine the most informative biomarkers for visual prognosis, streamline diagnostic workflows, and support individualized management of OSD.

Inclusion Criteria: * The participant is willing and able to provide written informed consent for study participation (prospective cohort). * Adult participants aged ≥18 years at the time of inclusion. * Clinically confirmed diagnosis of OSD, including but not limited to inflammatory keratopathies, neurotrophic keratopathy, exposure keratopathy, limbal stem cell deficiency, post-surgical or post-traumatic corneal alterations. * Measurable BSCVA obtained through standardized manifest refraction and ETDRS chart testing at baseline. * Available dataset for the diagnostic tests required by the study (e.g., corneal topography, pachymetry, confocal microscopy, corneal sensitivity testing, slit-lamp imaging, tear cytokine analysis, impression cytology). * Willingness and ability to attend follow-up visits and complete all study-related procedures according to the study schedule. Exclusion Criteria: * Change of retinal, optic nerve, or macular pathology that may affect best spectacle-corrected visual acuity independently of the cornea or ocular surface (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, optic neuropathy) in the period of study * History of intraocular or corneal surgery within 3 months prior to baseline evaluation. * Active intraocular inflammation, glaucoma with uncontrolled intraocular pressure, or corneal conditions not compatible with accurate imaging or measurement (e.g., severe scarring, leukoma). * Uncontrolled systemic diseases that may impair vision or corneal health (e.g., advanced diabetes, autoimmune disease in active phase). * Inability or unwillingness to attend follow-up visits or complete study assessments. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women will not be enrolled, as hormonal fluctuations can alter tear film and ocular surface physiology