Alveolar Ridge Splitting With Simvastatin/PRF Composite and Simultaneous Implant Placement

This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and a simvastatin/PRF composite combined with a xenogeneic bone graft during alveolar ridge splitting with simultaneous implant placement in patients with horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency. Twenty-one participants were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group receiving xenogeneic bone graft alone, a PRF group receiving xenogeneic bone graft blended with PRF, and a simvastatin/PRF group receiving xenogeneic bone graft blended with a simvastatin/PRF composite. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed to compare horizontal and vertical bone gain, bone density, and keratinized tissue width after treatment.

Inclusion Criteria: Horizontal alveolar ridge width of 3-5 mm. Vertical alveolar bone height of ≥11 mm. Edentulous site located in the mandibular anterior region. Absence of buccal bone undercuts. Male or female participants aged 18-50 years. Good general health and medically fit to undergo oral surgical procedures. Absence of periapical pathology at the intended implant site. Adequate crown height space to achieve a favorable crown-to-implant ratio. Willingness and ability to attend all scheduled follow-up visits. Provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Uncontrolled systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus), active infection, bleeding disorders, or current anticoagulant therapy. Severe systemic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension or severe cardiovascular disease). Severe alveolar bone deficiencies not suitable for ridge splitting. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Inability to comply with postoperative instructions or follow-up visits. Known allergy or hypersensitivity to simvastatin or study materials. Individuals from vulnerable populations unable to provide valid informed consent. Bruxism or other parafunctional oral habits.