Whole-Body Vibration in Parkinson Disease

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different frequencies of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) application on balance, gait, cognitive functions, and dual-task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. Study Hypotheses: H0.1 - There is no effect of different frequencies of WBV application on balance performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.1 - There is an effect of different frequencies of WBV application on balance performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.2 - There is no effect of different frequencies of WBV application on gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.2 - There is an effect of different frequencies of WBV application on gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.3 - There is no effect of different frequencies of WBV application on cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.3 - There is an effect of different frequencies of WBV application on cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.4 - There is no effect of different frequencies of WBV application on dual-task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.4 - There is an effect of different frequencies of WBV application on dual-task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.5 - There is no effect of different frequencies of WBV application on reaction time in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.5 - There is an effect of different frequencies of WBV application on reaction time in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.6 - There is no significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of balance performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.6 - There is a significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of balance performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.7 - There is no significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.7 - There is a significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.8 - There is no significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.8 - There is a significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.9 - There is no significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of dual-task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.9 - There is a significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of dual-task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease. H0.10 - There is no significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of reaction time in patients with Parkinson's disease. H1.10 - There is a significant difference between medium-frequency and low-frequency WBV in terms of reaction time in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Inclusion Criteria * Individuals aged 30-80 years with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3. * Stable medical treatment (no changes in medication for the past 4 weeks). * Willingness to participate and provision of written informed consent. * Score of 24 or higher on the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE). Exclusion Criteria * Advanced stage Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage \>3) or presence of severe motor complications. * History of surgical interventions or other neurological/vestibular disorders that may affect balance and gait (E.G., stroke, epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy). * Presence of severe cardiovascular or respiratory conditions that may affect stability (E.G., heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, advanced COPD). * Conditions contraindicating whole-body vibration (WBV) application (E.G., severe osteoporosis, active thrombosis). * Psychiatric disorders or major depression that may interfere with treatment participation. * Significant communication or language impairments affecting participation. Withdrawal Criteria * Voluntary withdrawal from the study. * Development of health problems during the intervention that prevent completion of the study (E.G., unexpected acute illness or temporary medical condition). * Changes in medication or medical status during the study that may affect participation or performance. * Non-adherence to the protocol (attendance rate below 80% of sessions).