Turkish Adaptation of the Pain and Smoking Inventory

The purpose of this study is to perform the Turkish cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI) and to comprehensively evaluate its reliability, validity, and psychometric properties among daily cigarette smokers with chronic pain.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18 years and older. * Having a diagnosis of chronic pain that has persisted for at least 3 months. * Smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day (within the last 30 days). * Being able to read and write in Turkish. * Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the written informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Having a diagnosis of active psychosis or severe depression. * Having a diagnosis of cognitive impairment or intellectual disability. * Having severe alcohol dependence or substance use disorder. * Having reading and writing difficulties to a degree that prevents completing the questionnaire independently. * Being in the pregnancy or breastfeeding period. * Using nicotine replacement therapy or smoking cessation medication within the last 1 month.