Multicenter Application Verification and Effect Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Snake Species Identification System in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Snakebites

This multicenter prospective observational study aims to develop and validate a deep learning-based artificial intelligence snake species identification system, and evaluate its clinical application efficacy in real-world emergency snakebite treatment scenarios. The primary research question it seeks to answer is: In real clinical settings in Zhejiang Province, can the artificial intelligence snake species identification system accurately identify common indigenous snake species causing bites, and improve the accuracy and diagnostic efficiency of snake species judgment for physicians at different levels of medical institutions? This study will be conducted simultaneously in 10 medical institutions in Zhejiang Province. investigators will prospectively enroll patients with snakebite who present to the hospital between June 2026 and December 2026 and can provide photographs of the offending snakes. The snake species identification results of both attending physicians and the artificial intelligence system will be recorded synchronously, and the patients' clinical treatment and prognosis data will be collected. All patients will be followed up until 30 days after discharge.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult patients aged ≥18 years, regardless of gender 2. Definite history of snake bite, with time from bite occurrence to first medical visit ≤24 hours 3. The patient or eyewitness can provide digital images of the biting snake (taken by mobile phone, camera, etc.) 4. Voluntarily sign the written informed consent form; for patients with impaired consciousness who cannot sign independently, their legal representative shall sign on their behalf, and a secondary confirmation shall be obtained after the patient regains consciousness 5. Able to cooperate in completing follow-up assessments at discharge and 30 days after injury Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Unable to provide snake images, or images are severely blurred resulting in complete loss of key identification features 2. Snake species cannot be confirmed by the gold standard (no eyewitnesses, no typical clinical manifestations, cannot be clarified by expert panel consultation) 3. Medical visit exceeds 24 hours and the exact bite time and initial clinical manifestations cannot be determined 4. Complicated with end-stage malignant tumors, severe liver and kidney failure, or other underlying diseases that may significantly affect prognosis judgment 5. Refuse to sign the informed consent form or cannot cooperate in completing follow-up 6. Simultaneously participating in other clinical studies that may affect the results of this study